Othello, The Moor Of Venice, Is One Of The Principal...

Othello, the Moor of Venice, is one of the principal tragedies by Shakespeare. This tragedy contains many themes which are important in society today. Many aspects of people s lives have changed, but the way people think is still the same . Shakespeare s Othello wants to underline the psychological and social impact of racism; and the power of manipulation as well as jealousy. These are the most important themes throughout this drama. Othello takes place in Venice, Italy. He was a black general in the Venetian army. Iago is Othello s ambitious friend; Iago feels betrayed and despised by Othello who gave him the rank of lieutenant when ascending to Casio and not to him. As a result of this, Iago will present different ways of getting†¦show more content†¦The character of Iago shows us when a person can affect the decision of another person. Iago is a very calculating man who uses his intelligence to make Othelo vulnerable. Iago is a person who has talent to use people at his convenience; using Othelo as a perfect target. In the current society there is unfortunately a lot of racism still occurring for example modern society has put laws so that people treat each other with respect and allow each other their right to freedom. While the actions of men can be legislated, their hearts and fears fail. For this reason, part of society continues to discriminate and marginalize different groups of people. Desdemona fell in love with Othello because of his individuality, his being different. He appeared before her like an unknown world to know and to decipher. Othello and Desdemona are able to cross all the barriers imposed by culture and race. Although they fought all that so that they can be together, the evil of Iago reaches them. Iago creates a plan to make Othello believe that his wife cheats on him with another. Shakespeare shows us how Othello falls into the trap of Iago, and is impelled to perform acts that go against his own identity. False proofs and lies made Othello s jealousy grow, this brought about the tragic of murder of Desdemona. This play illustrates many things that are wrong with society evenShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare1454 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare wrote Othello during a time of great racial tension in England. In the drama, he introduces Othello, a military general who works for the state of Venice but is by origin a Moor (a black Arab). This gives him the unique position of being one of the most important men in Venice, while simultaneously being seen as an outsider. In writing such a character for a seventeenth century English audience, the author is clearly attempting to send a message. This tension between human desireRead More othello review Essay767 Words   |  4 Pages Shakespeare has produced an incredibly large library of work, including 38 plays and countless sonnets. His plays are divided into four main sections: the Histories, the Tragedies, the Comedies, and the Rom ances. Othello falls under Tragedy, as it ends with the death of numerous characters, including the principals. Shakespeares work has been produced since the Renaissance in all artistic mediums from the original theater to opera, symphony, film, and ballet. It has also been consistently revisitedRead MoreThe Tragedy of Shakespeares Othello558 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares play The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice provides an intriguing perspective regarding matters related to race, envy, and treachery. 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The fact that she has far fewer words to speak and is on-stage for a muchRead MoreOthello - Theme - Lack of Self-Awareness Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesTheme – Lack of Self-Awareness Definition of the theme and its development through the play: * In Othello, characters not only deceive others, but deceive themselves. They lack self-awareness in that they fail to see or acknowledge their own flaws and weaknesses, and they never see themselves as completely as others perceive them. The truth is likely to destroy either their contentment or their perceptions of themselves * This theme is mainly developed through the major charactersRead More The Nature of Evil in William ShakespeareÂ’s Othello Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam ShakespeareÂ’s Othello uses different and unique techniques in his language to express the nature of evil throughout the play. Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the “villain” or “protagonist in the play. Shakespeare uses this character to set the basis of evil. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulative language towards the other main characters. Corruption overcomesRead MoreThemes of Deception in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Othello Deception is one of the main themes running through Othello, along with love, pride and society. Indeed, it is deception that provides the fuel for the plot and deception that is leads to the classic downfall of the hero as is common in Shakespeare tragedies. We see Macbeth and Hamlet both succumb to downfall. perhaps the most obvious deception is Iagos deception. The principal method that Iago uses to convince Othello of Desdemona ´s infidelityRead MoreNature of Evil in Othello1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Nature Of Evil In Othello The Nature of Evil in Othello William Shakespeare’s Othello uses different and unique techniques in his language to express the nature of evil throughout the play. Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the â€Å"villain† or â€Å"protagonist in the play. Shakespeare uses this character to set the basis of evil. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulativeRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesLiterature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library) In 1908, six-year-old Langston moved to Topeka to live with his mother in an apartment over a plumbing shop. Jim Hughes sometimes sent Carrie money for Langstons expenses, but it was never enough. One of Langstons chores was to scour the alley for scrap lumber to burn in the small stove on which they cooked their food and heated their apartment. He carefully broke the scraps into short pieces so that embers would not fall on the floor and start

The Treaty Of Versailles Was A Prime Minister Of France

The Treaty of Versailles was signed June 28th, 1919 after the Big Three had argued for months about the consequences and negotiations of the treaty. The Big Three were David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson. Vittorio Orlando was the Prime Minister of France and had some say in the treaty because he was one of the victor. He eventually walked out of the meeting because he wasn’t getting his way and gave up his position. Each had a different approach to the treaty and had their own ideas about the consequences of Germany. Lloyd George was the Prime Minister of Britain and more of a subtle approach to the treaty, but still believed Germany should pay for what they did. He knew the treaty couldn’t be too harsh; otherwise, Germany would try to get there revenge, and he also water to keep Germany as a trading partner, so he didn’t want Germany’s economy too weak to trade and was afraid that communism to spread to Germany. Georges Clemenceau was the Prime Minister of France and was the harshest of the Big Three and wanted Germany to suffer. Germany destroyed France killed hundreds of thousands. He believed Germany should brought to its knees and never be strong enough to start war again. He wanted Germany to pay to rebuild France and all of the damage they caused during the war. Woodrow Wilson was the President of USA and was the least harsh. He wanted total world peace and didn t understand the hatred France and Britain had towards Germany. He hadShow MoreRelatedTreaty Of Versailles Easy Assignment1347 Words   |  6 PagesTreaty of Versailles Easy Assignment Ultimately, the international community and The Treaty of Versailles played an exponential roll in the onset of WW2 by putting too harsh of conditions on Germany. The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to take complete blame for WWI, practically abolished the German Military, ruined the German economy, caused the loss of land, and caused countless other damages to the country. Thus upsetting and angering the German people. As the war came to an end, the stateRead MoreThe Treaty of Versailles Brought about Pease in Many Countries, but Not in Germany850 Words   |  4 Pages Thesis: The Treaty of Versailles brought about peace in many of the countries. But not in Germany because the Germans weren’t happy with the Treaty and they felt that with Treaty ending the War they had lost their dignity and pride. The Treaty also helped give the rise to Adolf Hitler and leading Germany into World War 2. The Treaty of Versailles brought peace to many of countries when the war ended. When the Treaty came about Germany was not at the peace table at all. Germany felt that withRead MoreEssay Could the Treaty of Versailles Be Justified at the Time?1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe Treaty of Versailles was created to ensure a lasting peace, and to reward the victors of the war; however, was it justified? The Treaty of Versailles was a peace settlement designed by the Allied leaders, the Big Three- Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Britain and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States. Clemenceau wanted Germany to be punished. He had seen his country invaded, large parts of its industry destroyed and millions of itsRead MoreThe Maginot Line During The Period Between World War II Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational affairs. The Maginot Line was named after the French Minister of War Andrà © Maginot. It was a line of obstacles, concrete fortifications, and weapon installations that France constructed on the French side of its borders with Germany, Switzerland, and Luxembourg during the 1930s. France had suffered damage to both men and building structures in World War I. After Versailles in 1919, there was a clear intention on the part of the French that France should never have to suffer such a catastropheRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles, Reparations, And The Locarno Pact1528 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1919, the Paris Peace Conference organized by the triumphant leaders of World War I, initiate reparations and peace treaties amongst the Allied and Associated Powers and the conquered Central Powers it led to the rise of the treaty of Versailles. The progression of the treaties that were discussed in the Paris Peace conference, are what formed the new countries and borders that reshaped the entire map of the world and also resulted in many Empires becoming economically unstable. The Paris PeaceRead MoreA.J.P Taylor on the Causes of World War II1288 Words   |  5 PagesMany authors have laid emphasis on the fact that Hitler was the only one responsible for the outbreak of war. However as A.J.P. Taylor said in his account on the origins world war II that the outbreak of ‘was â€Å"implicit† since the moment when the first war ended, because of the failure of that war either to satisfy German ambitions or to crush them completely’ (Henig, 1991). In this paper we will discover how events in the aftermath of World War I led to the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1918Read MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles Ended World War I1498 Words   |  6 PagesFrom 1914 to 1918, the world was overshadowed by a horrific war-World War 1. The Treaty of Versailles ended World War 1 with the hopes of no more wars in the future, however nobody expected it to be to foundation of the next catastrophe in Europe-World War 2. World War One that lasted from 1914-1918 was one of the most horrific wars in history. Europe was devastated and covered in a veil of anger and bitterness. Millions of people died or were wounded. Many cities in Europe were completely destroyedRead MoreWorld War I And The Treaty Of Versailles1604 Words   |  7 Pageslasted four years and was very gruesome. Much of the Western Front was destroyed and about 10 million people died. Germany ended the war by ceasing fire and making an armistice on November 11, 1918. The Allied Power had successfully defeated the Central Powers and America had accomplished their goal to end the war. After the surrender from Germany, the Allied Power met up to make a treaty with Germany, however, Germany was not invited to come and negotiate. The Treaty of Versailles would soon be createdRead MoreHow Far Do You Agree That the Policy of Appeasement Was the Main Cause of WWII?1551 Words   |  7 PagesTreaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that was signed by the UK, US, France, Italy and Germany, it ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919. Hitler saw the Treaty of Versailles as a disgrace to the German people and an embarrassment to Germany. Hitler blamed the German politicians for signing the Treaty of Versailles as he thought Germany could have avoided it and the problems it presented Germany withRead MoreWorld War I ( Wwi )959 Words   |  4 Pages(WWI) had many main events from 1914 – 1918. It was known as the Great War and the war to end all wars. It also introduced us to many new technology to including Barbed wire, machine guns, artillery, poison gas, airships, aircraft s, new naval vessels and tanks. All these wartime machines and equipment resulted in unprecedented carnage and destruction, with more than 9 million soldiers killed by the end of the war. This First World War or the Great War, w as a global war centered in Europe. This global

Memo Writing Management Communication †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Memo Writing for Management Communication. Answer: Introduction: A communication audit is process undertaken by an organization to identity the pros and cons associated with current communication systems. The firm also takes upon itself to identify gaps in present communication process with the help of various research methods. The method also involves surveying and taking feedback from customers, employees and other participants involved in the communication process. In the end the suitable plan is developed for improving the efficiency of current communication systems and improving work flow. The general purpose of such an exercise is to evaluate various factors that affect communication in an organization. It also analyses the speed of flow of information between various levels of the organization. The organization had undertaken the audit to identity various problems in the communication process. For this purpose both external and internal information systems were analysed for evaluating cost-effectiveness and efficiency. The purpose of audit also looked into suitability of various methods of communication with reference to audience and context. Audit also analysed the role of various groups and participants in the communication process. Organizational wide audit brought to notice that external communication systems were largely effective and appropriate. However, it highlighted three major problems in internal information flow process. First, effective methods of internal communication were not always employed by various participants with respect to context and audience. Not choosing appropriate method decreases the effectiveness of communication and reduces richness of the message. Communication method should be selected considering the target audience and context. Selecting right means of communication increases the hold over the audience and also helps in changing the behaviour of the receiver. For example, apart from using a formal written letter it is best to employ face to face communication when giving feedback to an employee during appraisal process. Quantitative significance of this issue can be realised by the fact that appropriate method of communication leads to better utilisation of resources as it increases the responsiveness of the receiver. Therefore it helps in increasing cost effectiveness. Second, network of communication within the organization was found to be incomplete with some participants being left out. A holistic system of communication within an organization leads to better information flow. Non-involvement of all relevant participants in any communication process may lead to uncertainty and confusion about the process. This also leads to non -disbursement of crucial information and lack of knowledge of processes. When some groups are left out, it may also cause decrease in coordination between various departments. Quantitative significance of a well-developed communication system is manifold. Partial communication reduces employee participation and reduced bonding. Such practise decreases employee morale and reduces their efficiency. This harms employee remuneration and also reduces organizations revenues. Third, inter-organizational meeting were found to be ineffective. These meeting are also important for better coordination between various departments of an organization. Departments in the firm are interconnected and often involved in various grievances. Ineffective meetings lead to non- redressal of grievances and continuity of problems. Ineffective meetings fail to bring out solutions and lead to tussle between various departments. Purpose of these meetings is to bring about improvement in systems of the firm and improve interconnectedness between various divisions. Complications arising out these ineffective meetings affect an organization quantitatively. Problems arising out of these failed meetings have financial repercussions on an organization. As lack of coordination also causes decreased efficiency and reduced effectiveness of operations. Organization endeavours to take planned actions to bring about solutions to these problems. Following steps will be undertaken to bring about necessary systematic changes. First, employees of organization will undergo training programmes for better communication practices. Apart from improving overall communication standards, these programmes will primarily help employees in choosing right communication methods for internal information interchange. The organization also plans for standardisation of procedures for methods of internal communication. For instance, email communication is always preferred when sending order requests to any other department within an organization. However depending upon the circumstances, employees can divert from these standardised procedures by taking necessary consent from their departmental heads. The firm for this purpose also plans to release a handbook of communication practices. Second, for increasing involvement of all participants in communication chain organization plans to improve its internal communication network. Connectivity within the firm will be enhanced by upgrading the existing information technology network. All employees in the organization should be aware of all participants or groups with whom they need to communicate in various circumstances. For this purpose mailing lists will be updated to include to all relevant participants and groups. Meetings should be planned well in advance and necessary consent should be received from all the employees for their participation. This will also ensure that a message is conveyed to all necessary stakeholders and no one is left out. Third, effectiveness of inter-organizational meetings can be increased by better planning and coordination between various departments. This can be done by floating the agenda in well advance. A department should also conduct meeting for its members before any inter-organizational meeting to develop a detailed plan. This will help in developing a necessary consensus on a view within a department that can be presented later on to other department. All inter-departmental meetings should be presided over by a person from a senior management. For bring about a necessary conclusion at the end of the meeting and increase their effectiveness, meeting may include outside consultant or restrict some internal members. This communication highlights the importance to good information management practices for the firm. External communication processes of the firm have been largely effective. The purpose of this exercise is to bring to notice issues in internal communication of the firm and also present series of planned steps. Various planned procedures will be undertaken for improving methods of communication, enhancing communication network and increasing efficiency of inter-organizational meetings. Better communication process and compliance by the participants will lead better productivity, increased employee participation and satisfaction; and improved motivation. Overall it decreases costs associated with operations which will lead to higher employee benefits and remuneration. All employees of the organization should make efforts and also endeavour to bring about necessary planned changes; and increase effectiveness of communication process. In case of any queries on above information, please contact your respective departmental heads or managers.

Unethical People Essay Research Paper In the free essay sample

Unethical Peoples Essay, Research Paper In the universe of media today, an moralss codification is one of the most of import things to follow. Unfortunately, Mike Barnicle and Patricia Smith did non experience the same manner. Mike Barnicle and Patricia Smith, both former workers for The Boston Globe, plagiarized and falsified information in order to convey away newsworthy narratives. Throughout this paper I will discourse the unethical Acts of the Apostless of both Barnicle and Smith, the jobs they caused for themselves, and the jobs they caused for The Boston Globe. # 8220 ; The followers is what happens when a company lacks consistent response to, and enforcement of, its nucleus values and criterions # 8221 ; ( Hoffman 1 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Unethical People Essay Research Paper In the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The summer of 1998 became one of the worst summers The Boston Globe has of all time seen. For 30 old ages The Boston Globe had built itself a great repute and had won twelve Pulitzer awards. # 8220 ; The Globe even outshone its crosstown challenger, the Boston Herald # 8221 ; ( Hoffman 1 ) . In 1973 the Globe hired a author by the name of Mike Barnicle. Mike wrote about the Boston? s working category. Including bulls, individual female parents, gas station proprietors, aged immigrants and immature veterans. Problems with Barnicle started to come up early in his Boston Globe calling. The Globe settled two cases saying that Barnicle plagiarized quotation marks of celebrated people. Besides, a adult male by the name of Mike Royoko complained that Barnicle was copying his work. Many workers at the Globe so came to resent him and complained that he was chesty. Merely when it seemed that Mike Barnicle? s jobs were get downing to lessen, on August 1, 1998, Barnicle wrote a column titled, # 8220 ; I was merely believing? .. # 8221 ; . A reader called the Globe and alerted the Boston Herald that many of the extracts in Barnicles column really came from George Carlins book, Brain Droppings. The column Barnicle had written was non his ain work.. This was the worst instance scenario for the Boston Globe because their rival released the narrative foremost and at the same clip uncovering the earlier jobs the Globe had had with Mike Barnicle. # 8220 ; The 30 eight, one-liners in the column included eight points similar to George Carlin? s book, without mentioning Carlin as the beginning # 8221 ; ( Jurkowitz 1 ) . Here is an extract from the existent article that Barnicle wrote compared to the Hagiographas of George Carlin. The book: # 8220 ; If cockpit voice recording equipments are so indestructible, why Don? t they merely build an aeroplane that? s merely one large cockpit voice recording equipment? # 8221 ; ( Carlin ; Jurkowitz 3 ) . The column: # 8220 ; How come planes aren? Ts made with the same indestructible stuff used to piece those black boxes that ever survive clangs? # 8221 ; ( Barnicle ; Jurkowitz 3 ) . The book: # 8220 ; Peoples who should be phased out: Guies who wear suits all twenty-four hours and believe an earring makes them chill all night. # 8221 ; ( Carlin ; Jurkowitz 3 ) . The column: # 8220 ; I don? T acquire it when cats over 40 think they? re cool because they wear an earring. # 8221 ; ( Barnicle ; Jurkowitz 3 ) . As you can see through this little extract, Mike Barnicle evidently took his column from George Carlin? s book, even though Barnicle claims to hold neer read Carlin? s book. This wasn? t the terminal to Barnicle? s unethical ways. In1995 Barnicle wrote a piece about two households with a kid at Children? s Hospital. The narrative had been told to Barnicle, but was neer meant for intelligence and the narrative was embellished and flawed in the retelling. Barnicle wrote that one household lost a kid and the other household liberally gave them a personal gift of 10 thousand dollars, when in actuality a gift of five thousand dollars was given and it was given to travel toward a scholarship, non a personal gift. Besides the race of the kid was non accurate. When The Boston Globe became cognizant of what Barnicle was making they were outraged. The Globe instantly asked for Barnicle? s surrender impeaching him of plagarism and disproof. Barnicle provinces, # 8220 ; Plagiarism is non the word to utilize here. Laziness or stupidity might be. # 8221 ; ( Jurkowitz 2 ) . Barnicle asked the Globe to run a concluding column so that he could reason his instance. Barnicle? s petition was denied, but he was allowed to compose a column denoting his surrender. So at the age of fifty-four in August of 1998, Barnicle resigned. In his surrender column he states, # 8220 ; My employment ended in forced surrender and personal incredulity this August when I could non instantly supply beginnings for a 1995 column that included the Reconstruction of duologue I had non really heard directly. # 8221 ; ( Barnicle 5 ) . Barnicle had worked at the Globe for 25 old ages and said that they were fantastic, but now it was clip for him to make something different. Unfortunately the jobs at the Globe did non halt with Mike Barnicle. Patricia Smith was besides working at the Globe. Patricia was a reasonably new employee, but she was good renowned. She had been a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize. During her work at the Globe, indicants that she was doing up stuff had surfaced, but the paper decided non to face her about the issue. Readers said that her words American ginseng to them, they were heartfelt and they were proud to read her columns. ( O? Brien 1 ) . In 1998 The Boston Globe for the 2nd clip fell apart. Patricia Smith was found out. Walter Robinson, so the Globe? s helper director, so editor for the local intelligence was told that person on the transcript desk had raised inquiries about the degree of truth in Smith? s work. ( O? Brien 3 ) . During this same clip period Wal ter received a phone call from a reader who had uncertainty about the being of a character in a recent column. The column in inquiry was about a adult male named Ernie Keane from Somerville, Massachusetts who purportedly phoned Smith in the newsroom to speak about President Clinton? s upcoming visit to Boston. Keane allegedly wanted Smith to relay a message to the President which read like this in her column: â€Å"I ain? t existent smart and I don? Ts have no fancy words to do folks sit up and take notice. I? m merely ordinary, but there are a batch of ordinary folks here acquiring sick of shouting and no 1 hearing. Our state? s supposed to take attention of us when we get old, that? s our wages for working all these old ages and populating here in this alleged democratic topographic point. Just tell him that.† ( O? Brien 3 ) . After reading this article the Globe decided to carry on an probe themselves. They attempted to reach the people that Smith had used in her articles, but to no help. The Globe so found out that in 1986, while Smith was working for The Chicago Sun-Times, she covered an Elton John concert. She wrote negatively about the concert stating that he wore something that he had non and played vocals he had non played. She besides said that the audience wasn? T pleased although the boosters said that he was good received. The concert representatives besides said that Smith neer even picked up her tickets. Smith denied this allegation. After happening this out and uncovering other narratives the Globe was one time once more in a tight topographic point. They set up a meeting with Smith allowing her know that they were traveling to seek to reach all of the people she had written approximately in her narratives. Smith was # 8220 ; shaken # 8221 ; ( Storin ; O? brien 5 ) by the meeting, and from so on the quality of her work went down. The Globe conducted their probe and was able to corroborate 52 leery columns since 1995. After sing the grounds the Globe decided to give her a 2nd opportunity. In bend she had to convey in names and phone Numberss so the characters in her narratives could be contacted. From the beginning this didn? t work. On May 11th they came across another leery narrative. This narrative focused on a malignant neoplastic disease patient named Claire who was excited about what may be a remedy. She discussed new interventions that had been tested on mice and worked. This clip the Globe was able to turn out that her narrative was fake. Smith cited people with businesss that required licensing and therefore they should hold been able to be tracked down. # 8220 ; When they couldn? T be located, the game was over. # 8221 ; ( O? Brien 7 ) . The Globe asked Smith to verify the being of six of the characters, and it was so that she admitted that they were fabricated. Smith was so forced to vacate. Before she left she wrote an apology to the people who read her columns. It read like this: # 8220 ; It? s non to late to apologise to you. From clip to clip in my Metro column, to make the coveted impact or to bang place a outstanding point, I attributed quotation marks to people who didn? t exist. I could give so names, I could give them businesss, but I couldn? Ts give so what they needed most? a pulse. Anyone knows that this is one of the central wickednesss of news media. Yet there are ever alibis. It didn? t happen frequently, but It did go on and that was one clip to many. # 8221 ; ( O? Brien 11 ) . That may hold been the terminal of it all for Patricia and Mike, but it certainly wasn? t the terminal for The Boston Globe. When this ethical dirt erupted it threatened the unity and nucleus of the Globe. Many people felt that it was the Globe? s mistake, non Mike and Patricas. Alan Dershowitz, one of the documents critics stated # 8220 ; It? s clip to concentrate on Globe superiors. They truly are to blame. # 8221 ; ( Kalb 1 ) . Many of the workers at the Globe were angry because the Globe did non do their determination fast plenty. In bend it caused tenseness in the workplace. On the other side many felt that it was the mistake of Patricia and Mike because they violated readers trust and the trust the newspaper had in them ; and that the paper handled the crisis good. In decision, holding consistent ethical criterions and implementing those criterions is the cardinal to running an ethical concern. Having no clear criterions is what causes an ethical crisis such as the 1 at the Globe. The biggest job with plagiarism is that the readers begin to doubt the truth of anything that they read in the Globe. Possibly Mike Barnicle and Patricia Smith either forgot the regulations, if they were of all time explained, or convinced themselves that what they were composing was acceptable. # 8220 ; It is up to direction to remind employees of the regulations and the values for which the company stands. # 8221 ; ( Hoffman 5 ) . By neglecting to province or enforce clear criterions, The Globe? s direction failed Barnicle, Smith, its readers and itself. Hoffman, Michael. # 8220 ; The Boston Globe Ethics Crisis: Dirty Standards, Muddied Management. # 8221 ; Business and Society Review Summer 1999: 119 Jurkowitz, Mark. # 8220 ; Globe Asks Barnicle Fir His Resignation. # 8221 ; Boston Globe 6 Aug. 1998, 3rd erectile dysfunction. : A1 Barnicle, Mike. # 8220 ; I Was Just Thinking. # 8221 ; Boston Globe 2 Aug. 1998, 3rd erectile dysfunction. : B1 O? Brien, Sinead. # 8220 ; Secrets and Lies. # 8221 ; American Journalism Review Sept. 1998:40 Barnicle, Mike # 8220 ; My Way # 8221 ; Boston Globe 29 Oct. 1998, A27 Kalb, Claudia. # 8220 ; The Globe Scrapes Off Barnicle Mess. # 8221 ; Newsweek 31 Aug. 1998: 56 # 8220 ; Boston Globe Columnist resigns after acknowledging to manufacturing people and quotes. # 8221 ; Jet 6 Jul. 1998: 6.

Lord of the Flies6 essays

Lord of the Flies6 essays In the book The Lord of the Flies the beast turns out to be the boys worst enemy even though it never really existed. The beast turned out to be the boys themselves. They were all scared the beast would kill them, but they ended up hurting or killing themselves just by defending themselves from the The first sign of the beast was when the boys were first scared. When the little boy told the rest of the boys about the snake-thing he saw in the woods he refers to it as the beastie. None of the boys really believe him, but in all their minds it gets them thinking and worring about whats on the island, and if there are any beasts of some sort. The beast occurs any time the boys are frightened. If they hear a noise in the woods it must have be the beast. If they see something that scares them it must be the beast. This freightenment works the boys up so much that their primary goal is to kill the beast. In the end they kill themselves, and they realize that they were running from themselves. The beast never existed I think the author, Golding, felt the same why when he wrote the book. The beast is the boys, and it ends up being their worst nightmare, and they dont even know it. That interpetation of the beast changed throughout the book and i began to realize what the author meant by the beast. ...

Dissolve Definition in Chemistry

Dissolve Definition in Chemistry In chemistry, to dissolve is to cause a solute to pass into a solution. Dissolving is also called dissolution. Typically, this involves a solid going into a liquid phase, but dissolution can involve other transformations as well. For example, when alloys form, one solid dissolves into another to form a solid solution. Specific criteria must be met for a process to be considered dissolution. For liquids and gases, the substance that dissolves must be capable of forming non-covalent interactions with the solvent. For crystalline solids, the crystal structure needs to be broken up to release atoms, ions, or molecules. When ionic compounds dissolve, they separate into their component ions in the solvent. The term solubility refers to how readily a substance dissolves in a specific solvent. If dissolution is favored, the substance is said to be soluble in that solvent. In contrast, if very little solute dissolves, it is said to be insoluble. Keep in mind, a compound or molecule may be soluble in one solvent yet insoluble in another. For example, sodium chloride is soluble in water but not as soluble in organic solvents such as acetone or turpentine. Examples Stirring sugar into water is an example of dissolving. The sugar is the solute, while the water is the solvent. Dissolving salt in water is an example of dissolution of an ionic compound. The sodium chloride (salt) dissociates into sodium and chloride ions when it is mixed with water. Releasing the helium from a balloon into the atmosphere is also an example of dissolving. The helium gas dissolves into the larger volume of the air.

The Post Civil War South Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Post Civil War South - Essay Example African-Americans and poor whites living in the South were denied land and the economic stability that it could provide. After the Civil War, the unfulfilled promises of freedom and independence vaporized into a quasi-slavery system of sharecropping and paupers wages instead of the dream of land ownership and true independence. In the agricultural South, any advancement towards freedom, equality, and civil rights would need to be accompanied by the real opportunity to own land. Land was not simply the security of what it could produce. In the South, land was a symbol of unfulfilled dreams, an expression of cultural independence, and a meaningful representation of real social capital. The plantation system of production that proliferated in the South in the 18th and 19th centuries placed land as a currency. Landowners that were able to produce cotton could have lines of credit and assure themselves a steady income. Without land ownership they were nothing. Almost all social status was obtained and measured from the number of acres anyone owned. The adoption of the factor system by the cotton plantations in the South left little for the planters and less for the workers and slaves. Still, planters would be driven to expand and the "impulse to enlarge his undertakings had become deep rooted and was apparently irresistible. There was a sort of atmospheric psychology in the situation that seemed to make a man forever dissatisfied with stagnated sufficiency" (Stone, 1915, p.562-563). In the South, the question of status was not what you did, but rather how many acres you owned. The Ante-bellum South also produced a paradox of ambivalence towards the ownership of land. While it was clearly understood that land was a significant measure of a man's social and material worth, those that were denied its use also decried land ownership. Religious beliefs in the South were initially evolved from a concept of land as a shared resource. Goldsmith (1988, p.392) states, "land, previously treated as a shared resource and mainly immune from individual ownership, became a commodity, accessible to individual enterprise. Traditional agrarian society had been invaded by the forces of a national capitalist economy". As the evolution of land from a survival source to an economic factor progressed, the social structure deprived certain members from ownership. Faulkner in Go Down, Moses describes the paradox of people seeking land, yet understanding the negative consequences of ownership. He writes, ... the land, the fields, and what they represented in terms of cotton ginned and sold, the men and women whom they fed and clothed and even paid a little cash money at Christmas-time in return for the labor which planted and raised and picked and ginned the cotton, the machinery and mules and gear with which they raised it and their cost and upkeep and replacement --- that whole edifice intricate and complex and founded upon injustice and erected by ruthless rapacity and carried on even yet with at times downright savagery not only to the human beings but the valuable animals too (p.221). Without land and its ability to produce and provide, man was nothing. Yet with it man could also become the antithesis of spirituality that was defined by not only Christianity, but also by the African-American forms of worship. The promise of land after the Civil War was a symbolic ideal that

Your objective is to show the ways in which the document or source. In Essay

Your objective is to show the ways in which the document or source. In the paper please identify the source and its creator. Int - Essay Example "This film from the 1970s reflects that period's questioning of the guilt of convicted atomic spies Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. The film follows the trial very closely and even features actors reading important parts of the trial transcript. It shows many newspaper headlines and much film footage from the period. People interviewed for the film include the authors of an investigative book, a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent, five of the jurors, the prosecutor, an assistant for the defense, and the Rosenbergs' children. The film was originally shown in 1974, but after 100,000 pages of FBI documents were released several years later, a new introduction and postscript were added and it was re-televised in 1978. In the addition, some of the testimony of the witnesses against the Rosenbergs is questioned and the judge is claimed to have broken the ethical code of judges. The film concludes that the Rosenbergs were not executed because they were guilty but because they refused t o admit they were guilty." i Another primary source is Judge Kauffman's Statement Upon Sentencing the Rosenbergs which is available at the link: http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/rosenb/ROS_SENT.HTM. In this statement, the judge sentenced the couple to death saying that their crime was worst than murder and that they entered such "serious conspiracy with full realization of the implications." convicted.

Simon Character in Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Simon Character in Lord of the Flies Essay In this extract all of the boys take part in the murder of Simon. Simon is described as ‘the beast’ during his killing. Lord of the Flies is an allegorical novel, the death of Simon also symbolises the death of spirituality. After his brutal death Golding describes ‘his check silvered and the turn of his shoulder became sculptured marble’ this almost romantic description is an emblem of Simon’s purity. The setting is a frightening one. It is night time, but not completely dark as there are ‘flashes of lightning’ this gives a hint to the reader that this chapter will not have a happy ending. Golding uses pathetic fallacy throughout the extract to build suspense and add to the atmosphere, ‘sulphurous explosion’ this is a contrasting quote compared to the beginning peaceful setting of the novel, ‘the brilliant fish flicked away’ this is evidence of the shift within the novel from good to evil. The sounds Golding describes are the sounds of fear. The extract starts with just a few drops of rain but even when these drop they make ‘Individual sounds’ this shows that even a small thing can have a big effect. Golding starts with just small sounds to help build the tension. The rain also reminds the reader rightly of world war two as Ralph says ‘you’ll have rain like when we dropped here’ which links to the atom bomb and the irony that Piggy keeps on saying ‘what would the grown-ups think?’ when they themselves are in a war. Twice the thunder is said to ‘blow’ as if it is whipping the boys like a master would whip an animal, as a means of controlling them, Golding uses the weather to alter the mood and to help build the boys up into a frenzy. The use of monosyllabic chanting, ‘kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!’ shows a very concentrated power source which drives the boys to do what they would never image on any ordinary day. The use of exclamati on marks means the extract becomes very loud.

Chocolate Store :: Factories Jobs Employment Essays

Chocolate Store Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory or RMCF for short is a franchise store with the parent company located in Durango, Colorado which was established in 1981.There are many different Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factories around the U.S. and there are a few in Michigan.There is the one I work at in Somerset Mall in Troy, one at Lakeside Mall in Sterling Heights and another one at Great Lakes Crossing to name a few.The particular store that I work in has been there for 3 Â ½ years (since Somerset North has opened) and was previously owned by a man for about a year and a half when he decided to sell it to the current owner and my boss Alan Rosen.The store is located in Somerset Mall on the North side on the 1st level between the California Pizza Kitchen (CPK for short) and Starbucks. Somerset Mall has two sides to it, the South side that is the older of the two and the North side, which just opened in August of 1997.The sides are divided by Big Beaver Road and connecting the two sides is a glass covered walkway so people can go from ones side to the other without having to drive.It is located in the business district of Troy on the crossroads of Big Beaver and Cooliage.Somerset has a mostly upper to middle class cliental that frequent it.The South side is the more conservative side where you can find stores such as Saks 5th Avenue, Neiman Marcus, Tiffany’s and many more.This side is more for the older well to do people because it is the more expensive of the two sides.The North side, where I work, has a more contemporary vibe to it.There you will find stores such as Hudson’s, Nordstrom’s, Abercrombie & Fitch, Express, and a lot of others.This is where most people shop because it has everything from a food court and restaurants to trendy store s to a stage where plays are put on and right now a place to visit Santa.Compared to other malls Somerset is more snobby some would say because when you go there you feel like you have to dress nice just to go shopping.While other malls like Oakland Mall, also located in Troy, say you can feel comfortable there even if you shop in your P.J.’s. RMCF is a medium sized store and as you walk into it through a set of double glass doors, on the left will be all of the various caramel apples that we make about every other day and if is really busy we make it everyday so they are fresh.

Power To change An Event In History Essay

Cold War precipitated fifty years of propaganda by two super powers, on-field battles while balancing barrels on others’ shoulders and huge amount of capital investment to manufacture weapons. An even in history that could have easily averted the Cold War was Stalin’s opportunistic rise to power on death of Lenin in 1924. Undoubtedly, a single event that I could change would be the ability to delay the death of Lenin.   Noted historians and Russian policy experts admit that Stalin was not Lenin’s choice. Lenin was aware that rude negotiation and ruthless intention were the qualities of Stalin’s personality. He would have definitely blocked Stalin’s rise to power. However, Stalin went on take advantage of the situation that arose from Lenin’s death. He easily sidelined Trotsky and other senior members of the communist party. In first few years of his rule, Stalin systematically got his adversaries assassinated. Through the policy of â€Å"collectivization† of farms, Stalin inflicted deep scars of famine on the Russian people. Medium and large farms were forcibly acquired by the state in order form huge collective farms this led to steep drop in agricultural output. Since, the ideals of Soviet Union prevented from any import or export, millions of people died because of starvation. Within few years of coming to power, Stalin acquired the status of a totalitarian. In 1945, George Orwell crafted a wonderful satire that depicted the greed and corruption as the driving motives behind a dictatorial regime. (Orwell, George, 1945) USA and other allies of World War 2 soon realized that Stalin has built a fear of his personality to control and intimidate other members of the Soviet Union. Perhaps the most gruesome of his policies were to imprison millions of Russians and use them in labor camps for construction of roads and dams. Because of his policies, USSR and USA got embroiled into issues like Korea War and Vietnam War. Even though Stalin died in 1956, his policies continued to haunt the world for decades. Had Lenin survived a few hours and passed the command to a more humane leader, the world would have been considerably more prosperous and secure for the next fifty years. Bibliography Orwell, George. â€Å"Animal Farm† London. 1945

Food Hygeine

4. 3 Describe basic food safety when providing food and drink to children and young people The Prevention of Food Poisoning Store food safely Keep food cold, the fridge should be kept as cold as possible without freezing the food ( 1-5 . c or 34-41. c) Freezers should be kept at -18 or below Cover or wrap food with food wrap of microwave cling film Never refreeze food Do not use food that is past the sell-by date Always read instructions on food packaging when storing food Once a tin is open store in a covered potStore raw foods at the bottom of the fridge in case of any dripping onto cooked food Always wash hands in warm soapy water and dry thoroughly before handling food Wear clean protective clothing when in the kitchen Keep food covered at all times Wash all fruit and vegetables before use Never cough or sneeze over food Always cover cuts with a blue plaster Keep work surfaces and chopping boards clean use different coloured chopping boards for raw meat raw fish fruit and vegetab les Make sure that meat is cooked through before serving Avoid raw eggs as you could get salmonellaWhen reheating food make sure it is hot all the way through the dish to kill any germs Keeping the Kitchen Safe Teach the children to wash their hands before eating or preparing food and after they have used the toilet Keep it clean to avoid flies and other insects in the kitchen Stay away from the kitchen if you have sickness or diarrhoea Keep the kitchen clean: Clean work surfaces, the floor, utensils, sink, cloths and rubbish bins Tea towels and wash cloths should be kept clean and washed regularly Keep all rubbish bins covered and empty them regularlyKeep sharp knives and scissors stored safely where the children cannot reach them Good Food Hygiene When serving, preparing and clearing away food after meals and snacks you should observe the rules of food hygiene. 1. Wash hands with warm soapy water and dry them thoroughly 2. Wear clean protective clothing 3. Ensure any washing up is done with hot water and washing up liquid and wear rubber gloves.If possible put the washing up in a dish washer. 4. Tea towels should be washed regularly and clean ones should be used daily. 5. Never cough or sneeze over food or drink Wearing Aprons Wearing aprons helps to protect clothing and to stop the spread of germs Hand Washing Chopping Boards Using different coloured chopping boards helps to prevent cross – infection when preparing food.

American Culture and False Self essays

American Culture and False Self essays American culture is full of mixed messages and conflicting ideas. Society is far from perfect, especially when it has unrealistic expectations for its teenage girls. In pop culture, it is deemed inappropriate to display androgynous behavior, the ability to act freely without worrying if their behavior is feminine or masculine, once an individual has matured through the childhood years. Research has shown that androgynous people are in fact the most well adjusted adults (Pipher 18). According to Mary Pipher, author of Reviving Ophelia, a former number one New York Times Bestseller, during early adolescence girls are expected to sacrifice the parts of themselves that our culture considers masculine. Society forces these girls into their true and false selves, and it is society that causes girls to discard their true selves and acquire false selves. This idea of obtaining a false self is extremely dangerous. Girls are obligated to be attractive, be a lady, be unselfish and of service, make relationships work and be competent without complaint (Pipher 39). This is also the time that honesty is neglected for the ability to be nice and easy-going. Society recognizes and rewards honestly, but at the same time, women are taught that it is more important to be nice than honest. For example, girls who speak openly and bluntly are often called bitches. Girls who are not good-looking are ridiculed. The so-called rules of womanhood can be found in movies, song lyrics, everyday conversations, pornographic magazines and videos, works of literature, and television, magazine, newspaper, and radio advertisements. Girls have to make choices everyday based on this unfair set of rules. They choose to sit quietly in class rather than risking the possibility of being called a brain. They choose to diet rather than eat when they are really hungry. They choose to be polite rather than being honest, and they choose to pretty rather than have...

Molybdenum Chemical & Physical Properties

Molybdenum Chemical & Physical Properties Atomic Number: 42 Symbol: Mo Atomic Weight: 95.94 Discovery: Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1778 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d5 Element Classification: Transition Metal Word Origin: Greek molybdos, Latin molybdoena, German Molybdenum: lead Properties Molybdenum does not occur free in nature; it is usually found in molybdenite ore, MoS2, and wulfenite ore, PbMoO4. Molybdenum is also recovered as a by-product of copper and tungsten mining. It is a silvery-white metal of the chromium group. It is very hard and tough, but it is softer and more ductile than tungsten. It has a high elastic modulus. Of the readily-available metals, only tungsten and tantalum have higher melting points. Uses Molybdenum is an important alloying agent which contributes to the hardenability and toughness of quenched and tempered steels. It also improves the strength of steel at high temperatures. It is used in certain heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloys. Ferro-molybdenum is used to add hardness and toughness to gun barrels, boilers plates, tools, and armor plate. Almost all ultra-high strength steels contain 0.25% to 8% molybdenum. Molybdenum is used in nuclear energy applications and for missile and aircraft parts. Molybdenum oxidizes at elevated temperatures. Some molybdenum compounds are used to color pottery and fabrics. Molybdenum is used to make filament supports in incandescent lamps and as filaments in other electrical devices. The metal has found application as electrodes for electrically-heated glass furnaces. Molybdenum is valuable as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum. The metal is an essential trace element in plant nutrition. Molybdenum sulfide is u sed as a lubricant, particularly at high temperatures where oils would decompose. Molybdenum forms salts with valencies of 3, 4, or 6, but the hexavalent salts are the most stable. Molybdenum Physical Data Density (g/cc): 10.22 Melting Point (K): 2890 Boiling Point (K): 4885 Appearance: silvery white, hard metal Atomic Radius (pm): 139 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 9.4 Covalent Radius (pm): 130 Ionic Radius: 62 (6e) 70 (4e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.251 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 28 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): ~590 Debye Temperature (K): 380.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 2.16 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 684.8 Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 0 Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.150 Sources CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics, 18th Ed.Crescent Chemical Company, 2001.Langes Handbook of Chemistry, 1952.Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2001.

The European Theater of World War II Research Paper

The European Theater of World War II - Research Paper Example The war started in September 1939 when Hitler’s Germany initiated an attack on Poland while Britain and France called for a war against Germany. Most of the battles fought in the war were fought over the control of different territories in the continent2. It is said that the seed of the Second World War was hidden in the First World War itself. Germany’s humiliation in the Versailles Treaty had injured the German national pride. Hitler used this sentiment cleverly; and rose in the power. Germany went through a lot of economic difficulties3. Germany experienced a severe economic depression during the early 1920s. Hitler blamed it on the terms imposed on Germany at end of the First World War. Hitler stirred up the injured German pride and rose to power in Germany. His Nazi party won the parliamentary election in July 1912 and in January 1933 he became the chancellor of Germany4. German Invasion of Poland: On 1st September 1939 Hitler’s army marched into Poland. On September 3, Britain and France initiated war against Germany to safeguard Poland. This is known as the official beginning of the war. However Hitler’s aggression started the year before, when he annexed Austria with Germany with support from Mussolini’s Italy. Then Hitler threatened Czechoslovakia and wanted Sudetenland. In the Munich Pact the Czechs gave away Sudetenland on French and British request. However, few months after Hitler took reminder of Czechoslovakia violating the Munich pact. During this period Poland continued to get threats from Germany. Britain vowed to help Poland if Germany threatens its independence. Poland already had a mutual treaty with France5 (Feldman, 2000, pp. 38-43). So, when Germany attacked Poland, Britain and France went on to wage a war against Germany. Poland had a strong military force but they were no match to the German panzer division and the motorized division; in addition the Germans had a large fleet of modern aircrafts where , the Poles had a medium size fleet of obsolete aircrafts. Germany used tanks and air power simultaneously. Its bombers continued to bomb Warsaw for days. This is famously known as the blitzkrieg. Within a few days Germany took almost whole of the country. The remaining small part of the Poland was controlled by the Soviet Union; as the soviet force invaded that part of Poland in the name of defending Poland and itself6. However after the takeover of Poland nothing much happened. Although Britain and France declared war on Germany they took a defensive stand. This was called by the U. S. newspapers the Phony War7. The Soviet Finnish War: In the year 1939 Finland was the victim of an invasion led by Soviet Union. But they did not get much success; the Finnish army, though heavily outnumbered, fiercely resisted the red army. This rose world opinion against the Soviet Union. This also gave England and France an opportunity to enter Finland and help it. Britain and France had also other aims; they wanted an opening to enter Germany. The asked for help from Norway and Sweden too. But both the countries refused permission to build a camp on their soil8. Attack on Denmark and Norway: The month of April, 1940 witnessed the attack on Norway and Denmark by Hitler. Denmark surrendered at once. But, Norway decided to fight9. With the help from the British and the French, Norway put up a resistance for sometime. At last they surrendered

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Response paper - Essay Example Besides, he was a good student of Geography and I figured out he would be handy in giving directions using a compass (Ruskin 9). My friend and I got lost deep inside one of the Indian forests. We were scared for we were not sure of any help. We accidentally came across an ancient pot that had Sanskrit writings on it. I took it the pot because it would fetch a good price at a tourist shop. Marlin suggested we follow a footpath and see where it would lead. On the way we saw deciduous trees that were shading their leaves. Other trees resembled coniferous that the biology teacher had told us bear cones (Ruskin 22). Soon we were overcome with hunger. We decided to make a camp to rest for the night and continue with the search the following day. We tried to make fire to warm ourselves but we could not. As a result, we slept in cold under the moonlight. In the middle of the night, Marlin complained of digestion problems which were a result of eating cold food. As if the digestion problems were not enough, a vermin rodent bit him. I gave him first aid and hoped he would be fine the following day (Ruskin 33). The next day, he was blooming with confidence and looked healthy. I thanked God. No sooner had we started to walk than we saw a group of Indian hunters. We gave them our story and they showed us the way to the town. We were so happy for we knew, we would be safe at last (Ruskin

Telework Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telework - Article Example In this dissertation, we have attempted to bring out crucial factors that have contributed to the success of telework as a work practice specifically in electronic business to consumer (B2C) context. Teleworking has become possible recently due to increased affordability and availability of suitable technology coupled with a need to tap specific talent and widen the labor base without compromising, rather significantly improving output of the organization. For this dissertation, the research was conducted within specific limitations of full time employees conducting e-business operations using information technology working away from the conventional workplace. It was also ascertained as to which personality types preferred to telework, why they preferred to do so and how the organization derived maximum benefit from their individual traits by providing them with suitable business programs and necessary technology. Discussions with individuals at various levels in an organization and also between organizations were held for good understanding of the behaviour of management and employees, as well as ascertain the dynamics of successful teleworking.

Retained Earnings and Share Price Relationship in Pakistan

Retained Earnings and Share Price Relationship in Pakistan The objective of this research paper is to study the relationship between retained earnings and share price in the Pakistan stock market. For analysis, a sample of 40 listed companies was taken from Karachi stock market. In this research, variables data was taken from the period of 2005-2008. Simple Linear Regression technique was used to analyze the relationship between share price and retained earnings. A positive relation was found between retained earning and stock price. This paper supports the fact that retained earning is relevant in determining share price for a sample of firms listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange. As far as my knowledge is concerned, this paper is first to show that corporate earnings is a key driver of stock price change in the Pakistan. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Overview: Earnings and dividends occupied an important role in financial accounting research and finance. It is the most extensively accepted measure of firm performance. Attention was also given to earnings because it is commonly used in evaluating management performance. Perhaps the biggest reason for the attraction to earnings, though, lies with the notion that retained earnings serves as a predictor of future cash flows. Many theories have represented that the accrual earnings represents the best predictor and of future cash flows than the historical cash flows. A companys existence depends on its ability to make positive cash flows, and research confirmed that share price directly related to an entitys cash flow prediction. Thus, because earnings of the company are viewed as a key determinant of share price. Mary, Cram and Nelson (2001) found that the systematic ability of earnings can be improved when disaggregated into its major accrual components. One of the components was sales revenu e, which unpredictably ignored in the literature as a predictor of share price. The degree of relationship of earnings and cash flow, sales with share price was a aim of this study. Empirical studies indicate that when share prices are related to the current dividends and retained earnings, higher dividends are associated with higher price earning ratio. Graham and Dood assert that the impact of dividend on price is four times that of retained earnings; moreover, the studies of Myron Gorden, David Durand and others indicate that dividend multiplier is several times the retained earning multiplier. A very recent study on this topic has been done by Friend and Puckett for USA they concluded that in general, there is little basis for the view that dividends have an impact on price which is several times that of retained earnings. A firms ability to generate cash flow affects the value of its securities, so the ability to assess future cash flow was important for the investment communit y, both shareholders and creditors. While shareholders may be concerned with the stream of cash flows to perpetuity, many creditors were concerned solely the short term cash generating ability of a company. Problem statement: To investigate the Impact of Retained Earnings, Dividends on Share Price. Hypothesis H1: There is a positive relationship between Retained Earnings and Share Prices. Outline of the Study: Next section 2 is Literature review, section 3, methodology and data collection, section 4 results and summary, section 5 conclusion remarks Definition Retained earnings refers to the portion of net income which is kept by the companies rather than distributed to its owners as dividends. CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The study relates to examine the relationship of earning with share price. When conservative accounting practices are observed by firms, the quality of its earnings can be affected by the changes in the amount of its investments. Increase in investment decreases reported earnings and creates reserves. Dropping investment releases those reserves and earnings increase. If there is temporary change in investment then earnings are depressed or inflate temporarily, it means that investment is not a fine indicator of future earnings. This paper contributes to the research on how the quality of earnings is affected by accounting methods. We define the term to mean that reported earnings, before unusual items that are recognized on the income statement, is of good quality if it is a good sign of future earnings. Thus we consider good earnings to be sustainable earnings, as referred to in financial analysis (Mulford and Comiskey,1996). When an accounting treatment produces weak earnings, we consider those unsustainable earnings to be of poor quality. Changes in dividends informs the investors about the determination of past earnings changes. The determination of earnings is the extent to which an unpredicted change in earnings revises hope of future earnings for the periods in the same way as the unexpected change. This uncertainty about the of earnings is determined as later earnings announcements for following quarters provide additional information. Investors assessments of the persistence of past earnings can be revised by the change in dividends because the managers are unwilling to increase (decrease) dividends unless earnings increase (decrease) are determined. We examine whether investors recognize a change in dividends as a sign about the determination of past earnings changes by examining the statistical relation between the market reaction changes in dividends and recent past earnings changes. Healy and Palepus (1988) stated that dividend changes managers private information about future earnings changes. They found a positive relation between abnormal returns and following changes in earnings. Financial statement analysis advocates examining the accrual and cash basis components of current earnings for the purpose of predicting future earnings. The nature of the information contained in the cash basis and accrual and components of earnings and the degree to which this information is reflected in share prices. The results specify that earnings show attributable to the accrual component of earnings exhibits lower persistence than earnings show attributable to the cash basis component of earnings. The firms with comparatively high (low) levels of accruals experience negative (positive) future stock returns that are determined around future earnings announcements. Although there is unreliable evidence that stock prices respond positively to firms meeting expectations. We observe whether there is a market return to meeting current period earnings expectations, and whether any such return reflects the implications for following earnings of meeting expectations in the current period or shows a distinct market premium. It seems reasonable to say that there is a wide agreement that either favorable earnings or dividend announcements can persuade positive abnormal stock returns. The effect of earnings announcements on share price changes has been recognized by Ball and Brown, Foster, Watts and Rendleman et al. The effect of dividend announcement was first highlighted by Pettit. Miller and Scholes , in a study focused primarily on dividends and taxes as a result they found significant evidence of a dividend declaration effect. Figures of earnings can be manipulated by accounting practices, and so may be interpreted with uncertainty by the investment community (Kaplan and Roll ). Similarly, dividend declarations are only a crude way to communicate information to capital markets. While both dividend and earnings data have been shown to influence share performance that the capital market would be interested in the consistency by earnings and dividend announcements. This might show the way to a validation effect on share prices. Confirmation from a collection of studies shows that equity value is related to accounting earnings (e.g., Ball and Brown 1968; Barth et al. 1992). However, in more reasonable settings with market imperfections, accounting methods can provide complementary information about book value and earnings. Balance sheet information provides net worth of resources of the firm. These information are based mostly on historical market prices and is therefore mainly independent of the achievement with which the firm currently employs its resources. On the other hand earnings from the financial statement provide a measure of value which reflects that how much of the resources are being employed by the firm from this earnings. There is a relationship between insider trading and the information captured by annual earnings for a large sample of firms. Insider trading changes the annual unexpected earnings. Insider buying interactively confirms the positive information captured by unexpected positive earnings and this communication reduces the noise in unexpected earnings. The result with regard to the adverse information captured by the group with insider selling and negative unexpected earnings is similar but less prominent. The examination also suggests that insider buying and selling conveys information not fully captured by current earnings. From the Ball and Brown (1968) several studies have documented that unexpected changes in earnings are related with unexpected changes in firm. Their work recognize that market agents learn about earnings and valuation related events from many information sources throughout the year. The financial reports issued by companies are the output of a fairly complete measurement process which also involves some preventive recognition and valuation rules. Hence, annual accounting earnings, at the time of its declaration, may contain a summary of some of the information already communicated to the market by more timely non financial sources. Graham and Dood attempted to study the role of the factors which influence share prices of joint stock companies. One naturally feels that the price of the shares of a company at a point of time will be governed by its future growth potential and past earnings. The past earnings of the firm is measured by the dividends and the price will be determined by dividend payout. Future growth potential or the forthcoming earning of the firm is indicated by the current years retained earning; so, the price of the share at a point of time will be governed by the dividend and retained earnings of the firm. The studies indicate that when share prices are related to the retained earnings and current dividends, higher price earning ratio are associated with higher dividends. Graham and Dood assert that the impact of dividend declaration on share price is four times that of retained earnings. Several factors influence the fluctuations of share prices. Among them, corporate earnings stand greatest in the minds of speculators and investors. It is a common belief for many people that current earnings and prices of common stocks move in strongly related and that changes in current earnings largely explanation for the fluctuations of share prices. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS Retianed earning has significant influence on the determination of share prices. To that degree investment in shares show to be growth oriented. Graham and DL Dood ;(1934);Scurity Analysis, USA. The analysis utilized Simple Linear Regression. The most basic test involved regressing the dependent variable Share Prices against the independent variables Retained Earnings. This provided a basic test of the relationship between Share Prices and Retained Earnings. The following regression was adopted: y=a+bx where y is the value of the dependent scale variable Share Prices b is the value of the coefficient, x is the value of the predictor Retained Earnings a Constant The expectation was that the Retained Earnings would be positively related to Share Prices. That is, increases in retained earnings the firm will be associated with an increase in the firms stock price. By contrast, firms with relatively higher earnings volatility or higher leverage will tend to display higher price volatility. DATA All the firms that were listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2008 have been taken for the research purpose. The annual data of these firms were taken from the various issues of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Balance Sheet Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? published by State Bank of Pakistan. Price data has been taken from the annual reports and other annual publications of Karachi Stock Exchange. Data of daily price were taken from the ZHV Securities Karachi. All of those firms taken into account which has no missing information of data of variable that was included in research. Sample size A sample of 38 companies of Textile Industry listed in Karachi stock exchange from the period of 200-2008. Research Model developed Y= a + bx SP= (constant) + RE Statistical Technique Simple Linear Regression was used. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ANOVAb Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 13595.856 1 13595.856 21.319 .000a Residual 95659.112 150 637.727 Total 109254.968 151 a. Predictors: (Constant), Retained Earnings b. Dependent Variable: Share Prices The ANOVA Table suggested that Retained Earnings explained significant amount of the variance in the Share Price. In above in model table p

A culture of my own :: essays research papers

A Culture of My Own   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The smell of the ocean, palm trees, and the sound of the salsa beats in the distance, characteristics of a beautiful culture. But is that really what My culture is. As a Cuban in America, culture is much different than that of a island native. My culture, or should I say, the culture that my family has molded into our own, is a spectacular one. It may not be the same as it was one-hundred years ago, or even twenty years ago for that matter. But one things makes that okay, culture is not written, nor are you born with in. We humans are taught culture. And what I’ve learned and discovered on my own is that being Cuban means many things to me; it means music and loudness, A lot of family memories, and most definitely pride.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with, the Cuban culture is one of much loudness and joyous music. Growing up, there was never a day that I did not wake up to the sound of loud salsa music blaring. Or to the loud voices of my mother or grandmother talking. To anyone else this â€Å"talking† would surely be mistaken for an argument or fight. Cuba is where salsa music and the conga drum originated so we tend to be very prideful of this. One of the greatest salsa singer/writer was the late Celia Cruz. She was somewhat of a hero to Cuban people; seeing as though she had been a Cuban refugee, and became a great success in the U.S. Her recent passing was a devastation, not only to the Cuban society but to all Latinos and many Americans as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Which brings me to family. My Mother and Aunts had grown up listening to and admiring Celia Cruz so you can only imagine their reaction to her death. Our entire family was in mourning. Sound kind of silly, but it was as if one of our on had passed. Like many Latin families, mine is huge! And what does a huge family mean; a lot of parties, weddings, and holidays. Holidays with a Cuban family is a one of a kind experience. There is drinking, music, fun, and of course fights. It is certainly somewhat of a comforting chaos. This past Christmas, I spent alone with my Mother and Step- Father, and it was just not the same.

Wired Communication Media

Abstract Tons of data is transmitted on day to day basis from one point to another. Data comes in all various forms, physical and virtual. All different application comes with different requirements for data transfer. There is lots of data sitting at one place that needs to transmitted for various different purposes So, there is a definite need of transmitting data. Author in this paper is attempting to address all the possible available wires and cables in the wired communication media for transmission.Author will also be analyzing their history, invention, types, categories, applications, advantages and disadvantages of the transmitting channel available. Keywords: Data, Signals, Wires, Cables, ? Introduction Communication has been around since the beginning of the mankind in one form of another. Its existence is been recognized even before formal language came was formed. People have been communicating through various different vocal indications, signals and gestures. Almost all o rganization in the world relies on data and signals in some form of the other to run their regular operations and accomplish their goals.Data comes in all forms physical and virtual. Businesses need data, its transmission and storage for smooth functioning. The main concern is transmission of virtual data from one machine to another. This can be for various discrete reasons such as read-only, modifications and updating. Thus, a reliable means of communication is needed for transfer of data (William & Sawyer, 2007). There are plenty different kinds of communication media (channels) currently used to satisfy the growing needs of people. Communication media is largely divided into two groups wired media (conducting media) and wireless media.Wired media provides a path for the signal through wires (optical fiber is also included). It was the wired communication media which pioneered in transforming the way the people talked to one another over greater distances or through previously imp enetrable barriers. In wireless media, the communication medium is either air or the atmosphere or space through which the signal travels. Although the current trends are increasingly moving towards use of wireless communication systems but wired systems are still as elevant as they possibly have been because wires still an important element in achieving high speeds for both data and signal can either analog or digital. (Ray & Acharya, 2004). Need for Data Transfer In today’s data driven world, there is no cap on form or type of information that needs to be shared between employees, business partners and clients. Organizations just cannot trust anyone to handle their most sensitive data. Thus, a secured passage for data transmission from one device to another is certainly critical.Data usually is collection of lots of forms of information which needs to be stored and maintained for several as per needed purposes. It is normally stored on disks and tapes but when it needs to t ransmitted it needs to be converted into signals for transfer. In order for the travelling signals to transmit, there are different types of media available to facilitate communication. A type of them, wired media are briefly explained in the following section of this paper (Kittler , 1996). Wired Communication Media – Wires and CablesWired communication media typically refers to data transmission over a wire based communication technology. Wired communication generally refers to physical cabling within a network where the signals are transmitted onto the physical medium i. e. wires. These wires are no longer made up of metal, but glass. These are also called as conducting transmission technologies such as telephone network, internet access, cable television and fiber optic communication. Electromagnetism which is wave guide used for high power applications is also considered as wired line.Alternatively, transmissions of data which don’t rely on wires (cables) are cons idered as wireless communication technologies (William & Sawyer, 2007). There are several different conducting transmission technologies presently available for data transmission. Network requirement for each application can be different, so choosing the right type of transmitting media is very crucial. The different conducting media are discussed as below: Twisted pair wire It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1988. A twisted pair wire is made up of a pair of conducting copper wires twisted with each other over nsulation. The number of twisted pair wires within the outer insulation varies. The reason it’s called twisted wire because the two wires are insulated to prevent wire crossing are primarily twisted together. The twist and the outer insulation help to reduce lines from not only crossing and interfering with each other but also regulate the self and mutual induction. When two wires are running parallel to each other carrying a signal, the possibility of inductio n between them increases. When you hear else’s conversation while being on phone with your friend is a perfect example of it.This is called as crosstalk due to inductions. Such crosstalk is very low in lines passing perpendicular to each other. Thus, lines are twisted to avoid running parallel to each other as perpendicular is quite impossible. There are 7 different types of twisted pair wires available which are further divided into 7 categorized which are described as follows: †¢CAT – 1: Basically used to transmit analog voices. Provides speeds up to 1 Mbps. There used over the years has decreased drastically. †¢CAT – 2: It is almost identical to CAT- 1, but has slightly better performance in terms of attenuation.This kind can transmit data up to 4 Mbps. †¢CAT – 3: It provides speed up to 10 Mbps but the signal attenuates after distance of 100 meters. To mitigate this problem, a repeater can be used to transmit data over 100 meters with l ow attenuation. †¢CAT- 4: It provides speed up to 20 Mbps but they can transmit data only within 100 meters without much attenuation. †¢CAT- 5: With greater number of twisted pairs, they can transmit data at 100 Mbps providing much better quality of wires as compared to previous versions. †¢CAT- 5e: They can transmit data at 125 Mbps but can support up to 1000 Mbps on certain cases. CAT- 6: Their cost is almost same as prior categories but can provide speeds up to 200 Mbps. †¢CAT- 7: These category wires are heavily shielded but are rarely used because of their exceptional high costs. They can support higher speeds of 600 Mbps. Twisted pair wires can also further be classified into shielded twisted pair and the unshielded twisted pair. Shielded twisted pair carries an extra shield of insulation on top to avoid any external induction. All of the categories except CAT- 7 are available in both types.The reason CAT- 7 only comes in shielded form only due to its excep tionally high number of twists. It is been estimated that only a whole twisted pair wires can better serve a local area network of 100 meter range, being cost effective. Applications can be: †¢Computer networking †¢Ethernet cabling †¢Video applications such as security cameras †¢Telephone lines ? Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable was initially founded in 1929 but first used by AT&T in 1940. It consists of single copper wire which is surrounded by at least three layer containing an insulating material, braided wired and plastic coating.It conducts electrical signals via an inner conductor also called as main conductor usually made up of copper or stranded copper wire. This main conductor is a straight wire surrounded by dielectric which actually separates inner main conductor and outer metallic shield. The outer metallic shield is typically made up of from 1 to 4 layers of metallic braid and metallic plate reducing the attenuation by obstructing the outer inducing field s from reaching the inner main conductor. This functionality of coaxial wires allows transmitting analog signals over a broad range of frequencies.The final third layer protecting main conductor is jacket made usually up of thick plastic material. (Nahin, 2002) Please refer to figure 2 in appendix showing a coaxial cable construction with main conductor, dielectric, shield and jacket for better understanding. Coaxial cables are classified into two major categories depending upon the type of data they can transmit. These are: †¢Baseband coaxial cable: Thin baseband coaxial cables are usually used in local area network connecting computers and mainframe computers. They carry one way digital data at speeds up to 10 Mbps. †¢Broadband coaxial cable:Thick broadband coaxial cables are used to transmit analog signals mainly television signals are used to transmit analog signals. A certain disadvantage is even a small continuous current along the imperfect placed shield on any coax ial cable will cause visible or audible interferences. But, there is a major disadvantage using the above discussed two types of coaxial cables that is data theft. Data travelling through these types of wires can easily be trapped. However, fiber optic cables can be used to eliminate this problem. Fiber Optic Cable Fiber optic has made tremendous technological advances to transmit information in the last decade.Telecommunication has been completely revolutionized by this innovated material. The telecommunications currently use electricity, radio or light to send data, images and sound. Fiber optic cable is made up of nothing but a thin glass tube which covered with a plastic shield. It transmits data in form of light pulses instead of sound waves without any interruptions. Since the information is transported in form of light and not electricity, this completely disregards the possibility of degradation of signal and interference due to electrical noise.The photo diode on one cable end produces photons which travel at high speeds up to 100 Gps through the glass tube before it is collected by the photo receptor on the other receiving end of the cable. The fiber optic cable is made up of one or many thin fibers of glass or plastic of 50 to 125 micrometers in diameter which is approximately equivalent to thickness of a hair. It has a cylindrical region called nucleus which allows light propagation and the external zone of coaxial nucleus is called as coating, a plastic like cover. Please refer to figure 3 in the appendix for better understanding.The main advantage of using fiber optic cable is it does not facilitate data tapping and is capable of producing high speeds, over long distances with very low attenuation as compared to other wired cables. For example, it is capable of transmitting an encyclopedia set equivalent to 40 million words in one second. However, there is some attenuation caused due to reflections and refractions of the photons over the glass tu be. Fiber optic cables tend to be expensive but with the availability of cheap LED’s and photo diodes, make it much economical. There are basically two types of fiber optic cables: Single mode fiber – It facilitates data transmission with great speed over long distances. †¢Multi-mode fiber – They are further classified into two types: oMultimode step-index fiber: It is used to transmit data over short distances and in the conventional transference of images. oMultimode grated-index fiber: It is optimal medium to transmit data over intermediate distances. It has a refractive index of nucleus which gradually moves towards outside from center. Photonic Crystal Fiber Photonic crystal fibers were founded by the research group of Philip St. J.Russell in the 1990s. They are generally constructed with the same methods as optical fibers. It is a honeycomb structured wires where the glass tube containing holes carry light signals 10 times longer as compared to fiber optic cable (Dr. Paschotta, 2012). Please refer to figure 4a and 4b in appendix for better understanding. Photonic crystal fibers are mainly divided into two major categories: †¢Index Guiding fibers which has a solid core. †¢Photonic Bandgap or air guiding fibers which have periodic micro-structured elements and a core of low index material (e. g. ollow core). Applications for photonic crystal fibers include: †¢Fiber lasers and amplifiers which include high power devices. †¢Fiber optic sensors of several different kinds. †¢Telecom components such as dispersion control, filtering and switching. †¢Quantum optics. †¢Also for various other purposes such as spectroscopy, metrology, biomedicine, imaging, industrial machining, and military. Conclusion So far in this paper, author showed us the working, application and pros and cons of various wired transmission media. Nobody can decide the right medium on behalf of anybody.It really comes down to speed co st, availability, current system requirement, its integration and future upgrade for growing needs for any particular user. All this requirements are analyzed before any wiring installation is done. Hence, selection of wires according to their functionality plays a very important role in constructing a reliable network. Remember: Communication technology is always developing and you will always find new stuff for various purposes, so plan and select accordingly. ? References Dr. Paschotta, R. (2012, Sep 20). Photonic crystal fibers. Retrieved from ttp://www. rp-photonics. com/photonic_crystal_fibers. html Kittler , F. (1996). Journal of the history of communication media. Arthur and Marilouse Kroker Editors, Retrieved from http://hydra. humanities. uci. edu/kittler/comms. html Nahin, P. J. (2002). Oliver heaviside: The life, work, and times of an electrical genius of the victorian age. New York, NY: The John Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? i d=e9wEntQmA0IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 Ray, A. K. , & Acharya, T. (2004). Information technology: Principle and applications. 2nd ed. ). New Delhi, India: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? id=iim25OLcUdYC&printsec=frontcover William, B. , & Sawyer, S. (2007). Using information technology. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? id=WsAgAQAAIAAJ&q=William. B & Sawyer. S, 2007. Using Information Technology. The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc: New York). &dq=William. B & Sawyer. S, 2007. Using Information Technology. The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc: New York). &hl=en&sa=X&ei=v1kYUfO7G9Ot0AHJzYDgDw&ved=0CFYQ6AEwBQ

Teenagers – not as bad as they are portrayed?

Britain altering her ways, has successfully managed to keep up with the ever changing world. However the youth of our day, seem the only change society somewhat fails to keep pace with. Are we leading our teenagers forlorn? Teenagers are categorised under offenders and criminals and not to mention are covered by an umbrella of stereotypical views of which if its coverage of teenage Britain fails to cease would be a slow and gradual obliteration of Britain’s future. If society takes a step back and realises the sought of pressure left upon the shoulders of our future leaders, doctors , engineers etcetera we would come to the realisation that the strain put on them is a strain put on the nation’s future. Furthermore, as the well-being of the nation hangs in the balance it seems as if eyes are staring purposefully watch it lose its balance with the likes of the media broadcasting nothing but the negatives, painting a villainous image of which the public do nothing but believe. Although there are some teenagers who follow the wrong path, statistics show 10 percent of anti-social behaviour were committed by them and the increase of knife crime amongst teenagers increased by 2 percent over the past year however it seems statistics like this also fail to mention the other percentage of teenagers who actually do something valuable for the society such us charity work, and those whom constantly thrive in the aspiration of making the nation a good one to live in, until then the current government has to work on making this nation a bearable one to live in. The constant pressure from the media towards the teenage generation has yet to show the many good works of the youths. ‘’Back in my day†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ seems to be the reoccurring statement by the nostalgic few, the few, whom believe that without the morals and discipline of the old age teenagers today show no respect for society today, however, Do they know how it is to work in a teenagers shoes. Above all, teenagers still get along with life amongst all the turmoil: postcode wars, gang warfare and peer pressure. Being at a vulnerable stage in life, youths feel pressured into becoming the image everyone expects, seen in the small town of Lancashire where a normal boy named Tom, was bullied to the extent he committed suicide, this in itself is not accepted in society. ‘’Now I will not get to see my son lead a normal life’’ said Mrs Smith tearfully. Would the outcome be different if he spoke to someone? 2011 witnessed the London riots, often described as ‘’mindless act of violence ‘’ saw parts of London set ablaze teenagers seen as the apparent cause, could this have been prevented? Or was this just a way to gain attention from the society as they have been put on the lower end of it, always put at the receiving end of pessimistic views. Although this would be seen by some to be destructive, inconsiderate and uncalled-for , this might be what teenagers think would actually make sure their voices are heard and also make sure they have an actual say on what decisions are made about them. The life of teenagers would continue to remain a mystery to some, as times change people also change, if things do not change for the better the life of a 21st century teenager would continue to be hard.