Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Response paper - Essay Example Besides, he was a good student of Geography and I figured out he would be handy in giving directions using a compass (Ruskin 9). My friend and I got lost deep inside one of the Indian forests. We were scared for we were not sure of any help. We accidentally came across an ancient pot that had Sanskrit writings on it. I took it the pot because it would fetch a good price at a tourist shop. Marlin suggested we follow a footpath and see where it would lead. On the way we saw deciduous trees that were shading their leaves. Other trees resembled coniferous that the biology teacher had told us bear cones (Ruskin 22). Soon we were overcome with hunger. We decided to make a camp to rest for the night and continue with the search the following day. We tried to make fire to warm ourselves but we could not. As a result, we slept in cold under the moonlight. In the middle of the night, Marlin complained of digestion problems which were a result of eating cold food. As if the digestion problems were not enough, a vermin rodent bit him. I gave him first aid and hoped he would be fine the following day (Ruskin 33). The next day, he was blooming with confidence and looked healthy. I thanked God. No sooner had we started to walk than we saw a group of Indian hunters. We gave them our story and they showed us the way to the town. We were so happy for we knew, we would be safe at last (Ruskin

Telework Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telework - Article Example In this dissertation, we have attempted to bring out crucial factors that have contributed to the success of telework as a work practice specifically in electronic business to consumer (B2C) context. Teleworking has become possible recently due to increased affordability and availability of suitable technology coupled with a need to tap specific talent and widen the labor base without compromising, rather significantly improving output of the organization. For this dissertation, the research was conducted within specific limitations of full time employees conducting e-business operations using information technology working away from the conventional workplace. It was also ascertained as to which personality types preferred to telework, why they preferred to do so and how the organization derived maximum benefit from their individual traits by providing them with suitable business programs and necessary technology. Discussions with individuals at various levels in an organization and also between organizations were held for good understanding of the behaviour of management and employees, as well as ascertain the dynamics of successful teleworking.

Retained Earnings and Share Price Relationship in Pakistan

Retained Earnings and Share Price Relationship in Pakistan The objective of this research paper is to study the relationship between retained earnings and share price in the Pakistan stock market. For analysis, a sample of 40 listed companies was taken from Karachi stock market. In this research, variables data was taken from the period of 2005-2008. Simple Linear Regression technique was used to analyze the relationship between share price and retained earnings. A positive relation was found between retained earning and stock price. This paper supports the fact that retained earning is relevant in determining share price for a sample of firms listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange. As far as my knowledge is concerned, this paper is first to show that corporate earnings is a key driver of stock price change in the Pakistan. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Overview: Earnings and dividends occupied an important role in financial accounting research and finance. It is the most extensively accepted measure of firm performance. Attention was also given to earnings because it is commonly used in evaluating management performance. Perhaps the biggest reason for the attraction to earnings, though, lies with the notion that retained earnings serves as a predictor of future cash flows. Many theories have represented that the accrual earnings represents the best predictor and of future cash flows than the historical cash flows. A companys existence depends on its ability to make positive cash flows, and research confirmed that share price directly related to an entitys cash flow prediction. Thus, because earnings of the company are viewed as a key determinant of share price. Mary, Cram and Nelson (2001) found that the systematic ability of earnings can be improved when disaggregated into its major accrual components. One of the components was sales revenu e, which unpredictably ignored in the literature as a predictor of share price. The degree of relationship of earnings and cash flow, sales with share price was a aim of this study. Empirical studies indicate that when share prices are related to the current dividends and retained earnings, higher dividends are associated with higher price earning ratio. Graham and Dood assert that the impact of dividend on price is four times that of retained earnings; moreover, the studies of Myron Gorden, David Durand and others indicate that dividend multiplier is several times the retained earning multiplier. A very recent study on this topic has been done by Friend and Puckett for USA they concluded that in general, there is little basis for the view that dividends have an impact on price which is several times that of retained earnings. A firms ability to generate cash flow affects the value of its securities, so the ability to assess future cash flow was important for the investment communit y, both shareholders and creditors. While shareholders may be concerned with the stream of cash flows to perpetuity, many creditors were concerned solely the short term cash generating ability of a company. Problem statement: To investigate the Impact of Retained Earnings, Dividends on Share Price. Hypothesis H1: There is a positive relationship between Retained Earnings and Share Prices. Outline of the Study: Next section 2 is Literature review, section 3, methodology and data collection, section 4 results and summary, section 5 conclusion remarks Definition Retained earnings refers to the portion of net income which is kept by the companies rather than distributed to its owners as dividends. CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The study relates to examine the relationship of earning with share price. When conservative accounting practices are observed by firms, the quality of its earnings can be affected by the changes in the amount of its investments. Increase in investment decreases reported earnings and creates reserves. Dropping investment releases those reserves and earnings increase. If there is temporary change in investment then earnings are depressed or inflate temporarily, it means that investment is not a fine indicator of future earnings. This paper contributes to the research on how the quality of earnings is affected by accounting methods. We define the term to mean that reported earnings, before unusual items that are recognized on the income statement, is of good quality if it is a good sign of future earnings. Thus we consider good earnings to be sustainable earnings, as referred to in financial analysis (Mulford and Comiskey,1996). When an accounting treatment produces weak earnings, we consider those unsustainable earnings to be of poor quality. Changes in dividends informs the investors about the determination of past earnings changes. The determination of earnings is the extent to which an unpredicted change in earnings revises hope of future earnings for the periods in the same way as the unexpected change. This uncertainty about the of earnings is determined as later earnings announcements for following quarters provide additional information. Investors assessments of the persistence of past earnings can be revised by the change in dividends because the managers are unwilling to increase (decrease) dividends unless earnings increase (decrease) are determined. We examine whether investors recognize a change in dividends as a sign about the determination of past earnings changes by examining the statistical relation between the market reaction changes in dividends and recent past earnings changes. Healy and Palepus (1988) stated that dividend changes managers private information about future earnings changes. They found a positive relation between abnormal returns and following changes in earnings. Financial statement analysis advocates examining the accrual and cash basis components of current earnings for the purpose of predicting future earnings. The nature of the information contained in the cash basis and accrual and components of earnings and the degree to which this information is reflected in share prices. The results specify that earnings show attributable to the accrual component of earnings exhibits lower persistence than earnings show attributable to the cash basis component of earnings. The firms with comparatively high (low) levels of accruals experience negative (positive) future stock returns that are determined around future earnings announcements. Although there is unreliable evidence that stock prices respond positively to firms meeting expectations. We observe whether there is a market return to meeting current period earnings expectations, and whether any such return reflects the implications for following earnings of meeting expectations in the current period or shows a distinct market premium. It seems reasonable to say that there is a wide agreement that either favorable earnings or dividend announcements can persuade positive abnormal stock returns. The effect of earnings announcements on share price changes has been recognized by Ball and Brown, Foster, Watts and Rendleman et al. The effect of dividend announcement was first highlighted by Pettit. Miller and Scholes , in a study focused primarily on dividends and taxes as a result they found significant evidence of a dividend declaration effect. Figures of earnings can be manipulated by accounting practices, and so may be interpreted with uncertainty by the investment community (Kaplan and Roll ). Similarly, dividend declarations are only a crude way to communicate information to capital markets. While both dividend and earnings data have been shown to influence share performance that the capital market would be interested in the consistency by earnings and dividend announcements. This might show the way to a validation effect on share prices. Confirmation from a collection of studies shows that equity value is related to accounting earnings (e.g., Ball and Brown 1968; Barth et al. 1992). However, in more reasonable settings with market imperfections, accounting methods can provide complementary information about book value and earnings. Balance sheet information provides net worth of resources of the firm. These information are based mostly on historical market prices and is therefore mainly independent of the achievement with which the firm currently employs its resources. On the other hand earnings from the financial statement provide a measure of value which reflects that how much of the resources are being employed by the firm from this earnings. There is a relationship between insider trading and the information captured by annual earnings for a large sample of firms. Insider trading changes the annual unexpected earnings. Insider buying interactively confirms the positive information captured by unexpected positive earnings and this communication reduces the noise in unexpected earnings. The result with regard to the adverse information captured by the group with insider selling and negative unexpected earnings is similar but less prominent. The examination also suggests that insider buying and selling conveys information not fully captured by current earnings. From the Ball and Brown (1968) several studies have documented that unexpected changes in earnings are related with unexpected changes in firm. Their work recognize that market agents learn about earnings and valuation related events from many information sources throughout the year. The financial reports issued by companies are the output of a fairly complete measurement process which also involves some preventive recognition and valuation rules. Hence, annual accounting earnings, at the time of its declaration, may contain a summary of some of the information already communicated to the market by more timely non financial sources. Graham and Dood attempted to study the role of the factors which influence share prices of joint stock companies. One naturally feels that the price of the shares of a company at a point of time will be governed by its future growth potential and past earnings. The past earnings of the firm is measured by the dividends and the price will be determined by dividend payout. Future growth potential or the forthcoming earning of the firm is indicated by the current years retained earning; so, the price of the share at a point of time will be governed by the dividend and retained earnings of the firm. The studies indicate that when share prices are related to the retained earnings and current dividends, higher price earning ratio are associated with higher dividends. Graham and Dood assert that the impact of dividend declaration on share price is four times that of retained earnings. Several factors influence the fluctuations of share prices. Among them, corporate earnings stand greatest in the minds of speculators and investors. It is a common belief for many people that current earnings and prices of common stocks move in strongly related and that changes in current earnings largely explanation for the fluctuations of share prices. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS Retianed earning has significant influence on the determination of share prices. To that degree investment in shares show to be growth oriented. Graham and DL Dood ;(1934);Scurity Analysis, USA. The analysis utilized Simple Linear Regression. The most basic test involved regressing the dependent variable Share Prices against the independent variables Retained Earnings. This provided a basic test of the relationship between Share Prices and Retained Earnings. The following regression was adopted: y=a+bx where y is the value of the dependent scale variable Share Prices b is the value of the coefficient, x is the value of the predictor Retained Earnings a Constant The expectation was that the Retained Earnings would be positively related to Share Prices. That is, increases in retained earnings the firm will be associated with an increase in the firms stock price. By contrast, firms with relatively higher earnings volatility or higher leverage will tend to display higher price volatility. DATA All the firms that were listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2008 have been taken for the research purpose. The annual data of these firms were taken from the various issues of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Balance Sheet Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? published by State Bank of Pakistan. Price data has been taken from the annual reports and other annual publications of Karachi Stock Exchange. Data of daily price were taken from the ZHV Securities Karachi. All of those firms taken into account which has no missing information of data of variable that was included in research. Sample size A sample of 38 companies of Textile Industry listed in Karachi stock exchange from the period of 200-2008. Research Model developed Y= a + bx SP= (constant) + RE Statistical Technique Simple Linear Regression was used. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ANOVAb Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 13595.856 1 13595.856 21.319 .000a Residual 95659.112 150 637.727 Total 109254.968 151 a. Predictors: (Constant), Retained Earnings b. Dependent Variable: Share Prices The ANOVA Table suggested that Retained Earnings explained significant amount of the variance in the Share Price. In above in model table p

A culture of my own :: essays research papers

A Culture of My Own   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The smell of the ocean, palm trees, and the sound of the salsa beats in the distance, characteristics of a beautiful culture. But is that really what My culture is. As a Cuban in America, culture is much different than that of a island native. My culture, or should I say, the culture that my family has molded into our own, is a spectacular one. It may not be the same as it was one-hundred years ago, or even twenty years ago for that matter. But one things makes that okay, culture is not written, nor are you born with in. We humans are taught culture. And what I’ve learned and discovered on my own is that being Cuban means many things to me; it means music and loudness, A lot of family memories, and most definitely pride.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with, the Cuban culture is one of much loudness and joyous music. Growing up, there was never a day that I did not wake up to the sound of loud salsa music blaring. Or to the loud voices of my mother or grandmother talking. To anyone else this â€Å"talking† would surely be mistaken for an argument or fight. Cuba is where salsa music and the conga drum originated so we tend to be very prideful of this. One of the greatest salsa singer/writer was the late Celia Cruz. She was somewhat of a hero to Cuban people; seeing as though she had been a Cuban refugee, and became a great success in the U.S. Her recent passing was a devastation, not only to the Cuban society but to all Latinos and many Americans as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Which brings me to family. My Mother and Aunts had grown up listening to and admiring Celia Cruz so you can only imagine their reaction to her death. Our entire family was in mourning. Sound kind of silly, but it was as if one of our on had passed. Like many Latin families, mine is huge! And what does a huge family mean; a lot of parties, weddings, and holidays. Holidays with a Cuban family is a one of a kind experience. There is drinking, music, fun, and of course fights. It is certainly somewhat of a comforting chaos. This past Christmas, I spent alone with my Mother and Step- Father, and it was just not the same.

Wired Communication Media

Abstract Tons of data is transmitted on day to day basis from one point to another. Data comes in all various forms, physical and virtual. All different application comes with different requirements for data transfer. There is lots of data sitting at one place that needs to transmitted for various different purposes So, there is a definite need of transmitting data. Author in this paper is attempting to address all the possible available wires and cables in the wired communication media for transmission.Author will also be analyzing their history, invention, types, categories, applications, advantages and disadvantages of the transmitting channel available. Keywords: Data, Signals, Wires, Cables, ? Introduction Communication has been around since the beginning of the mankind in one form of another. Its existence is been recognized even before formal language came was formed. People have been communicating through various different vocal indications, signals and gestures. Almost all o rganization in the world relies on data and signals in some form of the other to run their regular operations and accomplish their goals.Data comes in all forms physical and virtual. Businesses need data, its transmission and storage for smooth functioning. The main concern is transmission of virtual data from one machine to another. This can be for various discrete reasons such as read-only, modifications and updating. Thus, a reliable means of communication is needed for transfer of data (William & Sawyer, 2007). There are plenty different kinds of communication media (channels) currently used to satisfy the growing needs of people. Communication media is largely divided into two groups wired media (conducting media) and wireless media.Wired media provides a path for the signal through wires (optical fiber is also included). It was the wired communication media which pioneered in transforming the way the people talked to one another over greater distances or through previously imp enetrable barriers. In wireless media, the communication medium is either air or the atmosphere or space through which the signal travels. Although the current trends are increasingly moving towards use of wireless communication systems but wired systems are still as elevant as they possibly have been because wires still an important element in achieving high speeds for both data and signal can either analog or digital. (Ray & Acharya, 2004). Need for Data Transfer In today’s data driven world, there is no cap on form or type of information that needs to be shared between employees, business partners and clients. Organizations just cannot trust anyone to handle their most sensitive data. Thus, a secured passage for data transmission from one device to another is certainly critical.Data usually is collection of lots of forms of information which needs to be stored and maintained for several as per needed purposes. It is normally stored on disks and tapes but when it needs to t ransmitted it needs to be converted into signals for transfer. In order for the travelling signals to transmit, there are different types of media available to facilitate communication. A type of them, wired media are briefly explained in the following section of this paper (Kittler , 1996). Wired Communication Media – Wires and CablesWired communication media typically refers to data transmission over a wire based communication technology. Wired communication generally refers to physical cabling within a network where the signals are transmitted onto the physical medium i. e. wires. These wires are no longer made up of metal, but glass. These are also called as conducting transmission technologies such as telephone network, internet access, cable television and fiber optic communication. Electromagnetism which is wave guide used for high power applications is also considered as wired line.Alternatively, transmissions of data which don’t rely on wires (cables) are cons idered as wireless communication technologies (William & Sawyer, 2007). There are several different conducting transmission technologies presently available for data transmission. Network requirement for each application can be different, so choosing the right type of transmitting media is very crucial. The different conducting media are discussed as below: Twisted pair wire It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1988. A twisted pair wire is made up of a pair of conducting copper wires twisted with each other over nsulation. The number of twisted pair wires within the outer insulation varies. The reason it’s called twisted wire because the two wires are insulated to prevent wire crossing are primarily twisted together. The twist and the outer insulation help to reduce lines from not only crossing and interfering with each other but also regulate the self and mutual induction. When two wires are running parallel to each other carrying a signal, the possibility of inductio n between them increases. When you hear else’s conversation while being on phone with your friend is a perfect example of it.This is called as crosstalk due to inductions. Such crosstalk is very low in lines passing perpendicular to each other. Thus, lines are twisted to avoid running parallel to each other as perpendicular is quite impossible. There are 7 different types of twisted pair wires available which are further divided into 7 categorized which are described as follows: †¢CAT – 1: Basically used to transmit analog voices. Provides speeds up to 1 Mbps. There used over the years has decreased drastically. †¢CAT – 2: It is almost identical to CAT- 1, but has slightly better performance in terms of attenuation.This kind can transmit data up to 4 Mbps. †¢CAT – 3: It provides speed up to 10 Mbps but the signal attenuates after distance of 100 meters. To mitigate this problem, a repeater can be used to transmit data over 100 meters with l ow attenuation. †¢CAT- 4: It provides speed up to 20 Mbps but they can transmit data only within 100 meters without much attenuation. †¢CAT- 5: With greater number of twisted pairs, they can transmit data at 100 Mbps providing much better quality of wires as compared to previous versions. †¢CAT- 5e: They can transmit data at 125 Mbps but can support up to 1000 Mbps on certain cases. CAT- 6: Their cost is almost same as prior categories but can provide speeds up to 200 Mbps. †¢CAT- 7: These category wires are heavily shielded but are rarely used because of their exceptional high costs. They can support higher speeds of 600 Mbps. Twisted pair wires can also further be classified into shielded twisted pair and the unshielded twisted pair. Shielded twisted pair carries an extra shield of insulation on top to avoid any external induction. All of the categories except CAT- 7 are available in both types.The reason CAT- 7 only comes in shielded form only due to its excep tionally high number of twists. It is been estimated that only a whole twisted pair wires can better serve a local area network of 100 meter range, being cost effective. Applications can be: †¢Computer networking †¢Ethernet cabling †¢Video applications such as security cameras †¢Telephone lines ? Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable was initially founded in 1929 but first used by AT&T in 1940. It consists of single copper wire which is surrounded by at least three layer containing an insulating material, braided wired and plastic coating.It conducts electrical signals via an inner conductor also called as main conductor usually made up of copper or stranded copper wire. This main conductor is a straight wire surrounded by dielectric which actually separates inner main conductor and outer metallic shield. The outer metallic shield is typically made up of from 1 to 4 layers of metallic braid and metallic plate reducing the attenuation by obstructing the outer inducing field s from reaching the inner main conductor. This functionality of coaxial wires allows transmitting analog signals over a broad range of frequencies.The final third layer protecting main conductor is jacket made usually up of thick plastic material. (Nahin, 2002) Please refer to figure 2 in appendix showing a coaxial cable construction with main conductor, dielectric, shield and jacket for better understanding. Coaxial cables are classified into two major categories depending upon the type of data they can transmit. These are: †¢Baseband coaxial cable: Thin baseband coaxial cables are usually used in local area network connecting computers and mainframe computers. They carry one way digital data at speeds up to 10 Mbps. †¢Broadband coaxial cable:Thick broadband coaxial cables are used to transmit analog signals mainly television signals are used to transmit analog signals. A certain disadvantage is even a small continuous current along the imperfect placed shield on any coax ial cable will cause visible or audible interferences. But, there is a major disadvantage using the above discussed two types of coaxial cables that is data theft. Data travelling through these types of wires can easily be trapped. However, fiber optic cables can be used to eliminate this problem. Fiber Optic Cable Fiber optic has made tremendous technological advances to transmit information in the last decade.Telecommunication has been completely revolutionized by this innovated material. The telecommunications currently use electricity, radio or light to send data, images and sound. Fiber optic cable is made up of nothing but a thin glass tube which covered with a plastic shield. It transmits data in form of light pulses instead of sound waves without any interruptions. Since the information is transported in form of light and not electricity, this completely disregards the possibility of degradation of signal and interference due to electrical noise.The photo diode on one cable end produces photons which travel at high speeds up to 100 Gps through the glass tube before it is collected by the photo receptor on the other receiving end of the cable. The fiber optic cable is made up of one or many thin fibers of glass or plastic of 50 to 125 micrometers in diameter which is approximately equivalent to thickness of a hair. It has a cylindrical region called nucleus which allows light propagation and the external zone of coaxial nucleus is called as coating, a plastic like cover. Please refer to figure 3 in the appendix for better understanding.The main advantage of using fiber optic cable is it does not facilitate data tapping and is capable of producing high speeds, over long distances with very low attenuation as compared to other wired cables. For example, it is capable of transmitting an encyclopedia set equivalent to 40 million words in one second. However, there is some attenuation caused due to reflections and refractions of the photons over the glass tu be. Fiber optic cables tend to be expensive but with the availability of cheap LED’s and photo diodes, make it much economical. There are basically two types of fiber optic cables: Single mode fiber – It facilitates data transmission with great speed over long distances. †¢Multi-mode fiber – They are further classified into two types: oMultimode step-index fiber: It is used to transmit data over short distances and in the conventional transference of images. oMultimode grated-index fiber: It is optimal medium to transmit data over intermediate distances. It has a refractive index of nucleus which gradually moves towards outside from center. Photonic Crystal Fiber Photonic crystal fibers were founded by the research group of Philip St. J.Russell in the 1990s. They are generally constructed with the same methods as optical fibers. It is a honeycomb structured wires where the glass tube containing holes carry light signals 10 times longer as compared to fiber optic cable (Dr. Paschotta, 2012). Please refer to figure 4a and 4b in appendix for better understanding. Photonic crystal fibers are mainly divided into two major categories: †¢Index Guiding fibers which has a solid core. †¢Photonic Bandgap or air guiding fibers which have periodic micro-structured elements and a core of low index material (e. g. ollow core). Applications for photonic crystal fibers include: †¢Fiber lasers and amplifiers which include high power devices. †¢Fiber optic sensors of several different kinds. †¢Telecom components such as dispersion control, filtering and switching. †¢Quantum optics. †¢Also for various other purposes such as spectroscopy, metrology, biomedicine, imaging, industrial machining, and military. Conclusion So far in this paper, author showed us the working, application and pros and cons of various wired transmission media. Nobody can decide the right medium on behalf of anybody.It really comes down to speed co st, availability, current system requirement, its integration and future upgrade for growing needs for any particular user. All this requirements are analyzed before any wiring installation is done. Hence, selection of wires according to their functionality plays a very important role in constructing a reliable network. Remember: Communication technology is always developing and you will always find new stuff for various purposes, so plan and select accordingly. ? References Dr. Paschotta, R. (2012, Sep 20). Photonic crystal fibers. Retrieved from ttp://www. rp-photonics. com/photonic_crystal_fibers. html Kittler , F. (1996). Journal of the history of communication media. Arthur and Marilouse Kroker Editors, Retrieved from http://hydra. humanities. uci. edu/kittler/comms. html Nahin, P. J. (2002). Oliver heaviside: The life, work, and times of an electrical genius of the victorian age. New York, NY: The John Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? i d=e9wEntQmA0IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 Ray, A. K. , & Acharya, T. (2004). Information technology: Principle and applications. 2nd ed. ). New Delhi, India: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? id=iim25OLcUdYC&printsec=frontcover William, B. , & Sawyer, S. (2007). Using information technology. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? id=WsAgAQAAIAAJ&q=William. B & Sawyer. S, 2007. Using Information Technology. The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc: New York). &dq=William. B & Sawyer. S, 2007. Using Information Technology. The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc: New York). &hl=en&sa=X&ei=v1kYUfO7G9Ot0AHJzYDgDw&ved=0CFYQ6AEwBQ

Teenagers – not as bad as they are portrayed?

Britain altering her ways, has successfully managed to keep up with the ever changing world. However the youth of our day, seem the only change society somewhat fails to keep pace with. Are we leading our teenagers forlorn? Teenagers are categorised under offenders and criminals and not to mention are covered by an umbrella of stereotypical views of which if its coverage of teenage Britain fails to cease would be a slow and gradual obliteration of Britain’s future. If society takes a step back and realises the sought of pressure left upon the shoulders of our future leaders, doctors , engineers etcetera we would come to the realisation that the strain put on them is a strain put on the nation’s future. Furthermore, as the well-being of the nation hangs in the balance it seems as if eyes are staring purposefully watch it lose its balance with the likes of the media broadcasting nothing but the negatives, painting a villainous image of which the public do nothing but believe. Although there are some teenagers who follow the wrong path, statistics show 10 percent of anti-social behaviour were committed by them and the increase of knife crime amongst teenagers increased by 2 percent over the past year however it seems statistics like this also fail to mention the other percentage of teenagers who actually do something valuable for the society such us charity work, and those whom constantly thrive in the aspiration of making the nation a good one to live in, until then the current government has to work on making this nation a bearable one to live in. The constant pressure from the media towards the teenage generation has yet to show the many good works of the youths. ‘’Back in my day†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ seems to be the reoccurring statement by the nostalgic few, the few, whom believe that without the morals and discipline of the old age teenagers today show no respect for society today, however, Do they know how it is to work in a teenagers shoes. Above all, teenagers still get along with life amongst all the turmoil: postcode wars, gang warfare and peer pressure. Being at a vulnerable stage in life, youths feel pressured into becoming the image everyone expects, seen in the small town of Lancashire where a normal boy named Tom, was bullied to the extent he committed suicide, this in itself is not accepted in society. ‘’Now I will not get to see my son lead a normal life’’ said Mrs Smith tearfully. Would the outcome be different if he spoke to someone? 2011 witnessed the London riots, often described as ‘’mindless act of violence ‘’ saw parts of London set ablaze teenagers seen as the apparent cause, could this have been prevented? Or was this just a way to gain attention from the society as they have been put on the lower end of it, always put at the receiving end of pessimistic views. Although this would be seen by some to be destructive, inconsiderate and uncalled-for , this might be what teenagers think would actually make sure their voices are heard and also make sure they have an actual say on what decisions are made about them. The life of teenagers would continue to remain a mystery to some, as times change people also change, if things do not change for the better the life of a 21st century teenager would continue to be hard.